As shown in this review, recent progress in BCI seems to indicate that time is ripe for developing practical technology for brain–computer interaction; i.e., BCI prototypes combined with other AT that will have a real impact in improving the quality of life of disabled people. This is particularly the case for four application areas, namely “Communication and Control”, “Motor Substitution”, “Entertainment”, and “Motor Recovery”. We expect further progress during the next years driven by new research and developments in key areas such as design of hybrid BCI architectures, conception of adaptation algorithms, exploitation of mental states, incorporation of HCI principles, and development of novel BCI technology and EEG devices.