Perhaps the most unique application of the SLM, however, is for induction of photochemical effects such as uncaging of neuro-active compounds at multiple points simultaneously (Figures 3C,D). Caged neurotransmitters such as glutamate (Matsuzaki et al., 2001; Fino et al., 2009) and GABA (Rial Verde et al., 2008) are coming into increased use for manipulation of neurons (Araya et al., 2006; Nikolenko et al., 2008). The SLM allows for stimulation or inhibition of multiple neurites or neurons at once to achieve large-scale yet highly specific neuro-excitatory/-inhibitory effects One may be able to perform studies of whole neuron or whole circuit integrative properties via stimulation of specific targets chosen based on known properties of those targets (i.e., connectivity at spines, or firing properties of neurons) (Nikolenko et al., 2008).