B. Complications associated with ventilation and monitoring
(1) Pulmonary artery catheter: complications noted with 			 catheter insertion such as pneumothorax, air embolism, or arrhythmias; 			 complications occurring with catheter in place such as pulmonary artery 			 rupture, site infection or thrombosis.
(2) Tracheal intubation:
a. during the intubation; prolonged intubation > 2–3min; 
b. cannulation of the right mainstem with atelectasis, 			 hyperventilation, or pneumothorax;
c. During the course of intubation; mechanical dysfunction, cuff 			 leak associated with abnormal arterial blood gases acidosis = pH ≤ 7.3 			 with PCO2 ≥ 55 or alkalosis = pH ≥ 7.52 with 			 PCO2 ≤ 35), or SaO2 drop < 90%;
d. tracheal stenosis and
e. self extubation;
f. after removal of endotracheal or tracheostomy tube; cuff related 			 injuries, vocal cord damage, erosion;
g. Trache stoma bleeding and/or blood in secretions, associated with 			 a drop in hemoglobin > 1 g/24 h.