In summary, levels of WBC, EPI8, DEH11 and HDL were statistically significantly related to biomarkers of exposure to cigarette smoking, demographics and life style factors. The statistical models successfully captured a large amount of variability in the biomarkers and depicted the important biological relationships between the biomarker and the effects. Considering the numerous potential sources of variability for the 4 biomarkers and their complex relationships, the R-squared values of 29% to 41% are significant.