In the present study, we used high-density (128-channel) EEG to compare the neural correlates of EF in young European-Canadian and Chinese-Canadian children as they performed a go/no-go task. We examined 5-year-old children because Western children at this age typically display considerable advances in EF and related skills (Zelazo et al., 2008 for review), and because the acquisition of these skills at this age appears to be critical for the transition to school, where demands on EF may be increased (e.g., Blair and Razza, 2007). We focused on the N2 waveform and its estimated underlying sources, and expected to find evidence of cultural differences in neurocognitive function. As children from a Chinese background have been found to perform better on measures of EF than North American children, and may be more conscientious, we expected to find larger N2 (i.e., more negative) amplitudes for the Chinese-Canadian children than the same-age European-Canadian children. Although studies with school-age children generally report that N2 amplitude decreases with age across the school-age years and into adolescence, and that these decreases co-occur with continued improvements in EF (e.g., Lamm et al., 2006), our prediction is based on studies showing larger N2 amplitudes to be associated with better EF within a single age group (e.g., Overtoom et al., 1998, 2002; Pliszka et al., 2000; Liotti et al., 2005). For example, Pliszka et al. (2000) found larger N2 amplitudes for controls, as compared to children with ADHD, over right inferior frontal cortex on a go/no-go-type task. In addition, in light of evidence for the recruitment of right prefrontal cortex on the go/no-go task and other EF tasks, we expected to find a right-lateralized N2 on no-go trials, as well as right-lateralized source activation.