Executive function (EF) – the conscious control of thought and action – develops markedly during the preschool years, in parallel with maturation of prefrontal cortex (see Zelazo et al., 2008 for review). Most research on EF in children has been conducted with Western samples, but an emerging corpus of cross-cultural comparisons suggests that Asian children may perform better than Western children on measures of EF despite comparable, or worse, performance on other measures of cognitive function, such as theory of mind (e.g., Sabbagh et al., 2006; Oh and Lewis, 2008).