This work has been supported by the Max-Planck Society, the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie, the German Israel Fondation (GIF) and the European Research Council (ERC). Karin Giller provided excellent technical help with the preparation of ubiquitin samples. Monika Bayrhuber was very helpful in the preparation of the charged gel for alignment. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.