Table 5 Summary of current animal models available for studying human disease caused by highly pathogenic H5N1 avian viruses.
Virus Disease Model Animal Model References
A/duck/Tuva/01/06 (H5N1) Interstitial pneumonia Mouse (BALB/c) Evseenko et al. (2007)



A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (BALB/c) Hatta et al. (2007)
VN1204PB2-627Lys (mutant)
A/Vietnam/1204/2004
VN1203PB2-627Glu (mutant)
A/chicken/Vietnam/NCVD5/2003
A/muscovy/duck/Vietnam/NCVD18/2003



A/Vietnam/1194/04 (BALB/c)
A/Vietnam/1203/04 (VN1203) Hatta and Kawaoka (2005)
A/Vietnam/1204/04 (VN1204)
A/duck/Vietnam/NCVD-5/03
A/duck/Vietnam/NCVD-18/03
A/duck/Vietnam/NCVD-25/03
A/chicken/Vietnam/NCVD-8/03
A/chicken/Vietnam/NCVD-15/03
A/chicken/Vietnam/NCVD-30/03



A/chicken/Yamaguchi/7/04 (BALB/c) Isoda et al. (2006)



H5N1 viruses
A/Hong Kong/481/97
A/HongKong/483/97 (BALB/c) Katz et al. (2000b)
A/Hong Kong/485197
A/Hong Kong1486197
A/Hong Kong/507/97



H5N1 viruses
A/ck/HK/220/97 BALB/c Dybing et al. (2000)
A/ck/HK/728/97
A/HK/156/97
A/ck/Scotland/59
A/tk/England/91



A/HongKong/156/97 (BALB/c) Gubareva et al. (1998a)



Influenza A H5N1 Pathogenesis/Pneumonia Ferret Zitzow et al. (2002)
A/Hong Kong/486/97
A/Hong Kong/483/97



Influenza B clinical isolate related to B/Beijing/184/93 and B/Guangdong/8/93 Gubareva et al. (1998b)
Influenza A H5N1 Pathogenesis/Pneumonia Cat Rimmelzwaan et al. (2006)
A/Vietnam/1194/04
Influenza A H5N1 Pathogenesis/Pneumonia Cynomolgus macaque Kuiken et al. (2003)
A/HongKong/156/97 Rimmelzwaan et al. (2003)