Both in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as clinical observations, have shown that conventional anti-HIV drugs can have significant toxic effects. HAART has been directly associated with the development of endothelial dysfunction and consequently with cardiovascular diseases. Clinical toxicities of NRTIs include peripheral neuropathy, skeletal myopathy, lactic acidosis and hyperlactatemia (Kline and Sutliff, 2008). There are two types of CNS adverse reactions associated with HAART (1) direct drug toxicity and (2) immunopathology related to immune restoration and toxicity (Price and Spudich, 2008). Although there is little evidence to suggest that NRTIs and PIs have direct adverse effects on the CNS, the NNRTI efavirenz clearly affects CNS function, and its use is complicated by neuropsychiatric symptoms such as dysphoric dreams. Additionally, one report suggested an interactive effect of efavirenz and tenofovir on neuropsychiatric symptoms, which were however, fully reversible following the cessation of treatment (Price and Spudich, 2008). Furthermore, a recent study has revealed that prolonged HAART usage and aging may play a role in the overall increase in amyloid deposition in HIV dementia mediated by either inhibition of insulin degradation enzyme or disrupted amyloid precursor protein transport (Nath and Sacktor, 2006).