Summary
ADHD is prevalent neurobiological condition, affecting 4.4% of the general population. It is accompanied by high rates of comorbidity (depression, anxiety, substance abuse) and significant social, emotional, and occupational impairments, which affect the patients and their families.
The article briefly reviews prevalence, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and comorbidity of ADHD in adulthood. However, the major focus of the paper is the treatment of adults with ADHD. The strengths and limitation of medication (stimulant and nonstimulant) treatment as well as psychosocial treatment, particularly cognitive behavioral therapy are summarized.
For each medication or class of medication key aspects such as possible mechanism of action, titration schedule with starting and maximum dosages, therapeutic effects and side effects are outlined. Generally long acting stimulants are the most effective treatment approach. Medication treatment for patients with ADHD and various comorbid conditions, eg, depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder and substance abuse are also described.
Finally, the efficacy of psychosocial treatment, particularly cognitive behavioral therapy is addressed. Combined medication and psychosocial treatment approach are recommended as an effective treatment for most patients with ADHD.