Table 4 Validation of gene expression changes in the E18.5 Pygo1/Pygo2 null kidneys normalized to E18.5 wild-type kidneys. Gene symbol Microarray fold change QPCR fold change (SD) Validation Aldh1a7 - 2.2 1.1 (0.11) No Col8a1 2.1 2.9 (0.78) Yes Csrp1 - 7.1 1.2 (0.02) No Klk5 2.8 5.8 (0.74) Yes Pygo2 - 3.9 - 3.7 (0.04) Yes Picalm 3.1 2.2 (0.24) Yes Ren2 2.2 6.1 (0.36) Yes Tia1 6.6 and 2.3 Amplification not detected in wild-type samples Yes