Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T4338 |
0-3 |
DT |
denotes |
The |
T4339 |
4-13 |
NN |
denotes |
existence |
T4340 |
85-92 |
VBZ |
denotes |
creates |
T4341 |
14-16 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T4342 |
17-30 |
JJ |
denotes |
heteromorphic |
T4343 |
35-46 |
NNS |
denotes |
chromosomes |
T4344 |
31-34 |
NN |
denotes |
sex |
T4345 |
46-48 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4346 |
48-52 |
JJ |
denotes |
such |
T4347 |
53-55 |
IN |
denotes |
as |
T4348 |
56-59 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4349 |
66-72 |
NN |
denotes |
system |
T4350 |
60-62 |
NN |
denotes |
XX |
T4351 |
63-65 |
NN |
denotes |
XY |
T4352 |
62-63 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T4353 |
73-75 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T4354 |
76-83 |
NNS |
denotes |
mammals |
T4355 |
83-85 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4356 |
93-96 |
NN |
denotes |
sex |
T4357 |
97-105 |
JJ |
denotes |
specific |
T4358 |
96-97 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T4359 |
106-116 |
NNS |
denotes |
challenges |
T4360 |
116-117 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T4361 |
117-289 |
sentence |
denotes |
One is the need for mechanisms to balance expression of sex-linked genes between the sexes, which in mammals is accomplished by X chromosome inactivation in females [5,6]. |
T4362 |
118-121 |
CD |
denotes |
One |
T4363 |
122-124 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T4364 |
125-128 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4365 |
129-133 |
NN |
denotes |
need |
T4366 |
134-137 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T4367 |
138-148 |
NNS |
denotes |
mechanisms |
T4368 |
149-151 |
TO |
denotes |
to |
T4369 |
152-159 |
VB |
denotes |
balance |
T4370 |
160-170 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T4371 |
171-173 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T4372 |
174-177 |
NN |
denotes |
sex |
T4373 |
178-184 |
VBN |
denotes |
linked |
T4374 |
177-178 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T4375 |
185-190 |
NNS |
denotes |
genes |
T4376 |
191-198 |
IN |
denotes |
between |
T4377 |
199-202 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4378 |
203-208 |
NNS |
denotes |
sexes |
T4379 |
208-210 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4380 |
210-215 |
WDT |
denotes |
which |
T4381 |
230-242 |
VBN |
denotes |
accomplished |
T4382 |
216-218 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T4383 |
219-226 |
NNS |
denotes |
mammals |
T4384 |
227-229 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T4385 |
243-245 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T4386 |
246-247 |
NN |
denotes |
X |
T4387 |
248-258 |
NN |
denotes |
chromosome |
T4388 |
259-271 |
NN |
denotes |
inactivation |
T4389 |
272-274 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T4390 |
275-282 |
NNS |
denotes |
females |
T4391 |
283-284 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
[ |
T4392 |
286-287 |
CD |
denotes |
6 |
T4393 |
284-285 |
CD |
denotes |
5 |
T4394 |
285-286 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4395 |
287-288 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
] |
T4396 |
288-289 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T4397 |
289-368 |
sentence |
denotes |
In male germ cells there is another sex-specific consideration during meiosis. |
T4398 |
290-292 |
IN |
denotes |
In |
T4399 |
315-317 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T4400 |
293-297 |
JJ |
denotes |
male |
T4401 |
303-308 |
NNS |
denotes |
cells |
T4402 |
298-302 |
NN |
denotes |
germ |
T4403 |
309-314 |
EX |
denotes |
there |
T4404 |
318-325 |
DT |
denotes |
another |
T4405 |
339-352 |
NN |
denotes |
consideration |
T4406 |
326-329 |
NN |
denotes |
sex |
T4407 |
330-338 |
JJ |
denotes |
specific |
T4408 |
329-330 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T4409 |
353-359 |
IN |
denotes |
during |
T4410 |
360-367 |
NN |
denotes |
meiosis |
T4411 |
367-368 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T4412 |
368-597 |
sentence |
denotes |
In prophase I, when the homologous chromosomes synapse and homologous recombination occurs, X and Y chromosome pairing is limited to a region termed the pseudoautosomal region, leaving large portions of each chromosome unpaired. |
T4413 |
369-371 |
IN |
denotes |
In |
T4414 |
491-498 |
VBN |
denotes |
limited |
T4415 |
372-380 |
NN |
denotes |
prophase |
T4416 |
381-382 |
CD |
denotes |
I |
T4417 |
382-384 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4418 |
384-388 |
WRB |
denotes |
when |
T4419 |
416-423 |
VBP |
denotes |
synapse |
T4420 |
389-392 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4421 |
404-415 |
NNS |
denotes |
chromosomes |
T4422 |
393-403 |
JJ |
denotes |
homologous |
T4423 |
424-427 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T4424 |
428-438 |
JJ |
denotes |
homologous |
T4425 |
439-452 |
NN |
denotes |
recombination |
T4426 |
453-459 |
VBZ |
denotes |
occurs |
T4427 |
459-461 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4428 |
461-462 |
NN |
denotes |
X |
T4429 |
469-479 |
NN |
denotes |
chromosome |
T4430 |
463-466 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T4431 |
467-468 |
NN |
denotes |
Y |
T4432 |
480-487 |
NN |
denotes |
pairing |
T4433 |
488-490 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T4434 |
499-501 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T4435 |
502-503 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T4436 |
504-510 |
NN |
denotes |
region |
T4437 |
511-517 |
VBN |
denotes |
termed |
T4438 |
518-521 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4439 |
538-544 |
NN |
denotes |
region |
T4440 |
522-537 |
JJ |
denotes |
pseudoautosomal |
T4441 |
544-546 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4442 |
546-553 |
VBG |
denotes |
leaving |
T4443 |
554-559 |
JJ |
denotes |
large |
T4444 |
560-568 |
NNS |
denotes |
portions |
T4445 |
569-571 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T4446 |
572-576 |
DT |
denotes |
each |
T4447 |
577-587 |
NN |
denotes |
chromosome |
T4448 |
588-596 |
JJ |
denotes |
unpaired |
T4449 |
596-597 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T4450 |
597-750 |
sentence |
denotes |
In eutherian and marsupial mammals, these unpaired chromosome regions are associated with a specialized chromatin domain termed the XY body or sex body. |
T4451 |
598-600 |
IN |
denotes |
In |
T4452 |
672-682 |
VBN |
denotes |
associated |
T4453 |
601-610 |
JJ |
denotes |
eutherian |
T4454 |
625-632 |
NNS |
denotes |
mammals |
T4455 |
611-614 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T4456 |
615-624 |
JJ |
denotes |
marsupial |
T4457 |
632-634 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4458 |
634-639 |
DT |
denotes |
these |
T4459 |
660-667 |
NNS |
denotes |
regions |
T4460 |
640-648 |
JJ |
denotes |
unpaired |
T4461 |
649-659 |
NN |
denotes |
chromosome |
T4462 |
668-671 |
VBP |
denotes |
are |
T4463 |
683-687 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T4464 |
688-689 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T4465 |
712-718 |
NN |
denotes |
domain |
T4466 |
690-701 |
VBN |
denotes |
specialized |
T4467 |
702-711 |
NN |
denotes |
chromatin |
T4468 |
719-725 |
VBN |
denotes |
termed |
T4469 |
726-729 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4470 |
733-737 |
NN |
denotes |
body |
T4471 |
730-732 |
NN |
denotes |
XY |
T4472 |
738-740 |
CC |
denotes |
or |
T4473 |
741-744 |
NN |
denotes |
sex |
T4474 |
745-749 |
NN |
denotes |
body |
T4475 |
749-750 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T4476 |
750-877 |
sentence |
denotes |
The function of the XY body is uncertain [7–11], but there is evidence that it is essential for male meiotic progression [12]. |
T4477 |
751-754 |
DT |
denotes |
The |
T4478 |
755-763 |
NN |
denotes |
function |
T4479 |
779-781 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T4480 |
764-766 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T4481 |
767-770 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4482 |
774-778 |
NN |
denotes |
body |
T4483 |
771-773 |
NN |
denotes |
XY |
T4484 |
782-791 |
JJ |
denotes |
uncertain |
T4485 |
792-793 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
[ |
T4486 |
793-794 |
CD |
denotes |
7 |
T4487 |
794-795 |
SYM |
denotes |
– |
T4488 |
795-797 |
CD |
denotes |
11 |
T4489 |
797-798 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
] |
T4490 |
798-800 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4491 |
800-803 |
CC |
denotes |
but |
T4492 |
804-809 |
EX |
denotes |
there |
T4493 |
810-812 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T4494 |
813-821 |
NN |
denotes |
evidence |
T4495 |
822-826 |
IN |
denotes |
that |
T4496 |
830-832 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T4497 |
827-829 |
PRP |
denotes |
it |
T4498 |
833-842 |
JJ |
denotes |
essential |
T4499 |
843-846 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T4500 |
847-851 |
JJ |
denotes |
male |
T4501 |
860-871 |
NN |
denotes |
progression |
T4502 |
852-859 |
JJ |
denotes |
meiotic |
T4503 |
872-873 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
[ |
T4504 |
873-875 |
CD |
denotes |
12 |
T4505 |
875-876 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
] |
T4506 |
876-877 |
. |
denotes |
. |
R621 |
T4338 |
T4339 |
det |
The,existence |
R622 |
T4339 |
T4340 |
nsubj |
existence,creates |
R624 |
T4341 |
T4339 |
prep |
of,existence |
R625 |
T4342 |
T4343 |
amod |
heteromorphic,chromosomes |
R626 |
T4343 |
T4341 |
pobj |
chromosomes,of |
R627 |
T4344 |
T4343 |
compound |
sex,chromosomes |
R628 |
T4345 |
T4343 |
punct |
", ",chromosomes |
R629 |
T4346 |
T4347 |
amod |
such,as |
R631 |
T4347 |
T4343 |
prep |
as,chromosomes |
R632 |
T4348 |
T4349 |
det |
the,system |
R633 |
T4349 |
T4347 |
pobj |
system,as |
R635 |
T4350 |
T4351 |
compound |
XX,XY |
R636 |
T4351 |
T4349 |
compound |
XY,system |
R637 |
T4352 |
T4351 |
punct |
/,XY |
R641 |
T4353 |
T4349 |
prep |
of,system |
R642 |
T4354 |
T4353 |
pobj |
mammals,of |
R643 |
T4355 |
T4340 |
punct |
", ",creates |
R645 |
T4356 |
T4357 |
npadvmod |
sex,specific |
R647 |
T4357 |
T4359 |
amod |
specific,challenges |
R648 |
T4358 |
T4357 |
punct |
-,specific |
R650 |
T4359 |
T4340 |
dobj |
challenges,creates |
R651 |
T4360 |
T4340 |
punct |
.,creates |
R654 |
T4362 |
T4363 |
nsubj |
One,is |
R656 |
T4364 |
T4365 |
det |
the,need |
R657 |
T4365 |
T4363 |
attr |
need,is |
R659 |
T4366 |
T4365 |
prep |
for,need |
R660 |
T4367 |
T4366 |
pobj |
mechanisms,for |
R661 |
T4368 |
T4369 |
aux |
to,balance |
R663 |
T4369 |
T4367 |
acl |
balance,mechanisms |
R664 |
T4370 |
T4369 |
dobj |
expression,balance |
R666 |
T4371 |
T4370 |
prep |
of,expression |
R667 |
T4372 |
T4373 |
npadvmod |
sex,linked |
R668 |
T4373 |
T4375 |
amod |
linked,genes |
R670 |
T4374 |
T4373 |
punct |
-,linked |
R671 |
T4375 |
T4371 |
pobj |
genes,of |
R673 |
T4376 |
T4370 |
prep |
between,expression |
R674 |
T4377 |
T4378 |
det |
the,sexes |
R675 |
T4378 |
T4376 |
pobj |
sexes,between |
R676 |
T4459 |
T4452 |
nsubjpass |
regions,associated |
R677 |
T4379 |
T4370 |
punct |
", ",expression |
R678 |
T4380 |
T4381 |
dep |
which,accomplished |
R679 |
T4381 |
T4370 |
relcl |
accomplished,expression |
R680 |
T4382 |
T4381 |
prep |
in,accomplished |
R681 |
T4383 |
T4382 |
pobj |
mammals,in |
R682 |
T4384 |
T4381 |
auxpass |
is,accomplished |
R683 |
T4385 |
T4381 |
prep |
by,accomplished |
R684 |
T4386 |
T4387 |
compound |
X,chromosome |
R685 |
T4387 |
T4388 |
compound |
chromosome,inactivation |
R686 |
T4388 |
T4385 |
pobj |
inactivation,by |
R687 |
T4460 |
T4459 |
amod |
unpaired,regions |
R688 |
T4389 |
T4388 |
prep |
in,inactivation |
R689 |
T4390 |
T4389 |
pobj |
females,in |
R690 |
T4391 |
T4392 |
punct |
[,6 |
R691 |
T4392 |
T4363 |
parataxis |
6,is |
R692 |
T4393 |
T4392 |
nummod |
5,6 |
R693 |
T4461 |
T4459 |
compound |
chromosome,regions |
R694 |
T4394 |
T4392 |
punct |
",",6 |
R695 |
T4395 |
T4392 |
punct |
],6 |
R696 |
T4396 |
T4363 |
punct |
.,is |
R697 |
T4398 |
T4399 |
prep |
In,is |
R698 |
T4462 |
T4452 |
auxpass |
are,associated |
R699 |
T4400 |
T4401 |
amod |
male,cells |
R700 |
T4401 |
T4398 |
pobj |
cells,In |
R701 |
T4402 |
T4401 |
compound |
germ,cells |
R702 |
T4463 |
T4452 |
prep |
with,associated |
R703 |
T4403 |
T4399 |
expl |
there,is |
R704 |
T4404 |
T4405 |
det |
another,consideration |
R705 |
T4405 |
T4399 |
attr |
consideration,is |
R706 |
T4464 |
T4465 |
det |
a,domain |
R707 |
T4406 |
T4407 |
npadvmod |
sex,specific |
R708 |
T4407 |
T4405 |
amod |
specific,consideration |
R709 |
T4408 |
T4407 |
punct |
-,specific |
R710 |
T4465 |
T4463 |
pobj |
domain,with |
R711 |
T4409 |
T4399 |
prep |
during,is |
R712 |
T4410 |
T4409 |
pobj |
meiosis,during |
R713 |
T4411 |
T4399 |
punct |
.,is |
R714 |
T4466 |
T4465 |
amod |
specialized,domain |
R715 |
T4413 |
T4414 |
prep |
In,limited |
R716 |
T4467 |
T4465 |
compound |
chromatin,domain |
R717 |
T4415 |
T4413 |
pobj |
prophase,In |
R718 |
T4416 |
T4415 |
nummod |
I,prophase |
R719 |
T4417 |
T4415 |
punct |
", ",prophase |
R720 |
T4468 |
T4465 |
acl |
termed,domain |
R721 |
T4418 |
T4419 |
advmod |
when,synapse |
R722 |
T4419 |
T4415 |
relcl |
synapse,prophase |
R723 |
T4420 |
T4421 |
det |
the,chromosomes |
R724 |
T4469 |
T4470 |
det |
the,body |
R725 |
T4421 |
T4419 |
nsubj |
chromosomes,synapse |
R726 |
T4422 |
T4421 |
amod |
homologous,chromosomes |
R727 |
T4470 |
T4468 |
oprd |
body,termed |
R728 |
T4423 |
T4419 |
cc |
and,synapse |
R729 |
T4424 |
T4425 |
amod |
homologous,recombination |
R730 |
T4471 |
T4470 |
compound |
XY,body |
R731 |
T4425 |
T4426 |
nsubj |
recombination,occurs |
R732 |
T4426 |
T4419 |
conj |
occurs,synapse |
R733 |
T4427 |
T4414 |
punct |
", ",limited |
R734 |
T4428 |
T4429 |
nmod |
X,chromosome |
R735 |
T4429 |
T4432 |
compound |
chromosome,pairing |
R736 |
T4430 |
T4428 |
cc |
and,X |
R737 |
T4431 |
T4428 |
conj |
Y,X |
R738 |
T4432 |
T4414 |
nsubjpass |
pairing,limited |
R739 |
T4433 |
T4414 |
auxpass |
is,limited |
R740 |
T4472 |
T4470 |
cc |
or,body |
R741 |
T4434 |
T4414 |
prep |
to,limited |
R742 |
T4435 |
T4436 |
det |
a,region |
R743 |
T4436 |
T4434 |
pobj |
region,to |
R744 |
T4437 |
T4436 |
acl |
termed,region |
R745 |
T4473 |
T4474 |
compound |
sex,body |
R746 |
T4438 |
T4439 |
det |
the,region |
R747 |
T4439 |
T4437 |
oprd |
region,termed |
R748 |
T4440 |
T4439 |
amod |
pseudoautosomal,region |
R749 |
T4474 |
T4470 |
conj |
body,body |
R750 |
T4441 |
T4414 |
punct |
", ",limited |
R751 |
T4442 |
T4414 |
advcl |
leaving,limited |
R752 |
T4443 |
T4444 |
amod |
large,portions |
R753 |
T4475 |
T4452 |
punct |
.,associated |
R754 |
T4444 |
T4442 |
dobj |
portions,leaving |
R755 |
T4445 |
T4444 |
prep |
of,portions |
R756 |
T4446 |
T4447 |
det |
each,chromosome |
R757 |
T4477 |
T4478 |
det |
The,function |
R758 |
T4447 |
T4445 |
pobj |
chromosome,of |
R759 |
T4478 |
T4479 |
nsubj |
function,is |
R760 |
T4448 |
T4442 |
oprd |
unpaired,leaving |
R761 |
T4449 |
T4414 |
punct |
.,limited |
R762 |
T4480 |
T4478 |
prep |
of,function |
R763 |
T4451 |
T4452 |
prep |
In,associated |
R764 |
T4453 |
T4454 |
amod |
eutherian,mammals |
R765 |
T4481 |
T4482 |
det |
the,body |
R766 |
T4454 |
T4451 |
pobj |
mammals,In |
R767 |
T4455 |
T4453 |
cc |
and,eutherian |
R768 |
T4456 |
T4453 |
conj |
marsupial,eutherian |
R769 |
T4482 |
T4480 |
pobj |
body,of |
R770 |
T4457 |
T4452 |
punct |
", ",associated |
R771 |
T4458 |
T4459 |
det |
these,regions |
R772 |
T4483 |
T4482 |
compound |
XY,body |
R773 |
T4484 |
T4479 |
acomp |
uncertain,is |
R774 |
T4485 |
T4486 |
punct |
[,7 |
R775 |
T4486 |
T4479 |
parataxis |
7,is |
R776 |
T4487 |
T4488 |
punct |
–,11 |
R779 |
T4488 |
T4486 |
prep |
11,7 |
R782 |
T4489 |
T4486 |
punct |
],7 |
R789 |
T4490 |
T4479 |
punct |
", ",is |
R792 |
T4491 |
T4479 |
cc |
but,is |
R796 |
T4492 |
T4493 |
expl |
there,is |
R798 |
T4493 |
T4479 |
conj |
is,is |
R802 |
T4494 |
T4493 |
attr |
evidence,is |
R805 |
T4495 |
T4496 |
mark |
that,is |
R806 |
T4496 |
T4494 |
acl |
is,evidence |
R809 |
T4497 |
T4496 |
nsubj |
it,is |
R812 |
T4498 |
T4496 |
acomp |
essential,is |
R816 |
T4499 |
T4498 |
prep |
for,essential |
R819 |
T4500 |
T4501 |
amod |
male,progression |
R823 |
T4501 |
T4499 |
pobj |
progression,for |
R826 |
T4502 |
T4501 |
amod |
meiotic,progression |
R828 |
T4503 |
T4504 |
punct |
[,12 |
R832 |
T4504 |
T4493 |
parataxis |
12,is |
R835 |
T4505 |
T4504 |
punct |
],12 |
R841 |
T4506 |
T4493 |
punct |
.,is |