To demonstrate this approach with the E. coli Crp and PurR examples, we employed orthologous data from the five additional gamma-proteobacterial species listed above. We used PhyloScan to identify potential Crp and PurR transcription factor binding sites in the E. coli-only and E. coli-S. typhi aligned data sets, using a Pintergenic ≤ 0.05 cutoff to select candidate intergenic regions for examination in the other five species. As summarized in Table 1, depicted in Figures 4 and 5, and described below, we observed a considerable increase in the number of predicted transcription factor binding sites at the q-value ≤ 0.001 level, when the evidence from the five additional gamma-proteobacterial species was included by combining p-values.