To allow for sampling variability, each simulation case was replicated 100 times. The results presented are averaged over these 100 replications. A total of 36 simulation scenarios were investigated, corresponding to three spatial patterns (Simu 1, 2, and 3) × three different magnitudes of elevated risk (θ = 3, 2, and 1.5) × 4 SFs for the expected counts Ei (SF = 1, 2, 4, and 10).