Author Year Variable(s) with significance n Statistical analysis Longfield 1995 Pain, fatigue, anxiety, energy 8 Paired t-tests Gallagher 2001 Pain, mood, anxiety 90 Wilcoxcon signed rank test Krout 2001 Pain, physical comfort, relaxation 80 One-tailed t-tests Wlodarczyk 2003 Spirituality 10 Two-tailed Walsh test Hilliard 2003 Quality of life 80 Repeated measures and two-way ANOVA; t-tests Hilliard 2004 Time and duration of treatment; length of life 80 Independent samples t-test; paired samples t-test