Selection of SNP markers for the TPH1 gene In addition to the SNPs identified in the present study, five SNP markers within and flanking the human TPH1 gene were also selected to test the association with BPD. Based on the literature [34] and a public SNP database [35], SNP markers roughly 10 kb apart and with a relatively high minor allele frequency were selected. The TPH1 intron 7 A218C polymorphism, which has been suggested to be associated with Taiwanese BPD in our previously work, also has been included in the present study (i.e. in7SNP1; A20004C). The genomic localizations of the 10 SNPs examined relative to the transcription start site are given in Table 1.