In a multiple regression model, recovery of gram-negative bacteria (OR: 3.5 95%CI 2.1 to 5.9), ESBL phenotype (OR: 5.5, 95%CI: 1.4 to 21.9) and HIV co-infection (OR: 2.1, 95%CI: 1.4 to 3.2) were independently associated with fatal outcome.