Many inhibitory receptors also have paired activating receptors, which contain cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs and associate with adaptor proteins like DNAX-activating protein of 12 kDa (DAP12) or the FcRγ chain through a positively charged residue in the transmembrane region (McVicar et al., 1998) to induce proinflammatory signaling events ( Fig. 5.1 ).