0th Course of the European School of Neuroimmunology 623 Regeneration and the immune system Abstract Scar-free regeneration of tissues and organs occurs in many fish and amphibians, but in mammals is restricted to certain organs during embryonic and early fetal stages. Regeneration of amputated appendages in zebrafish and urodele amphibians (salamanders and newts) involves cellular reprogramming and proliferation at the injury site, with patterning, growth of a regeneration blastema and redifferentiation of the missing tissues. Unlike organ development in the embryo, regeneration resembles wound repair in requiring transient inflammation