In addition, pairwise comparisons showed that institution G had a higher mean I-score than the other institutions, and that, across disciplines, "medical" and "ER/ICU" had the highest mean I-scores and "others" had a particularly low mean I-score (Table 2 and Table 5 ) Numbers in parentheses show ranks adjusted for equal ranks a Ranks are based on the values of the I-, E-, and K-scores shown in Tables 2-4 b Based on the rank sum Table 2 also shows the differences across institutions according to each discipline, when institutions and disciplines were combined.