These kinases have also become attractive host factors for viral antagonism of IFN, exemplified by TBK1 inhibition by the NS4B protein of flaviviruses (Dalrymple et al., 2015) , IKKε inhibition by the N protein of arenaviruses (Pythoud et al., 2012) , JAK1 inhibition by VP40 of Ebola virus (Valmas et al., 2010) , and TYK2 inhibition by LMP1 of Epstein-Barr virus (Geiger and Martin, 2006) .