All of the children aged between one month and 14 years seen in the Emergency Room of the Department of Maternal and Pediatric Sciences with fever (an axillary temperature >38°C), signs and symptoms (i.e. cough, tachypnea, dyspnea or respiratory distress, and breathing with grunting or wheezing sounds with rales) and a chest radiograph consistent with CAP were considered eligible for the study.