Briefly, 293T cells were seeded in triplicates in 12-well plates and transfected with 60 ng NF-kB-dependent luciferase (firefly) reporter plasmid and 6 ng EF1a promoter-dependent Renilla luciferase reporter together with 1.5 mg expression vectors for Carma3, TMEM43 WT or mutants, or vector controls.