Ang-1, angiopoietin-1; APN, adiponectin; AT1, alveolar epithelial type 1; AT2, alveolar epithelial type 2; BMC, bone marrow-derived cells; CdM, conditioned media; EGF, epidermal growth factor; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; EPC, endothelial progenitor cell; HGF, hepatocyte growth factor; HSC, hematopoietic stem cell; hAEC, human amnion epithelial cell; hUC, human umbilical cord; hUCB, human umbilical cord blood; IL, interleukin; i.n., intranasal; i.p., intraperitoneal; iPS, induced pluripotent stem; i.t., intratracheal; i.v., intravenous; KGF, keratinocyte growth factor; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; LVRS, lung volume reduction surgery; MMP-2, matrix metalloproteinase 2; MPO, myeloperoxidase; MSC, mesenchymal stem cell; NF-kB, nuclear factor kappa light-chain enhancer of activated B cells; NO, nitric oxide; PaO 2 , partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood; PGA, polyglycolic acid; RV, right ventricle; SaO 2 , oxygen saturation; TGF-b, transforming growth factor b; Th2, helper T cell type 2; TIMP, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor. restoration of lung function and exercise capacity.