BB-norm@ldeleger:BB-norm-24361838 JSONTXT

{"project":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-norm-train","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":0,"end":114},"obj":"Title"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":16,"end":21},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":37,"end":42},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":62,"end":101},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":105,"end":113},"obj":"Habitat"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":115,"end":2050},"obj":"Paragraph"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":132,"end":174},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":132,"end":154},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":155,"end":160},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":176,"end":181},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":207,"end":230},"obj":"Habitat"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":207,"end":214},"obj":"Habitat"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":279,"end":289},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":293,"end":301},"obj":"Habitat"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":321,"end":326},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":371,"end":383},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":392,"end":397},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":505,"end":519},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":524,"end":532},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":550,"end":564},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":616,"end":621},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":630,"end":644},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":657,"end":662},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T24","span":{"begin":807,"end":817},"obj":"Habitat"},{"id":"T25","span":{"begin":941,"end":955},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T26","span":{"begin":1037,"end":1042},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":1167,"end":1172},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T28","span":{"begin":1239,"end":1249},"obj":"Habitat"},{"id":"T29","span":{"begin":1332,"end":1337},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T30","span":{"begin":1350,"end":1362},"obj":"Habitat"},{"id":"T31","span":{"begin":1411,"end":1419},"obj":"Habitat"},{"id":"T32","span":{"begin":1452,"end":1466},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T33","span":{"begin":1499,"end":1513},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T34","span":{"begin":1557,"end":1567},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T35","span":{"begin":1634,"end":1648},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T36","span":{"begin":1715,"end":1725},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T37","span":{"begin":1735,"end":1750},"obj":"Habitat"},{"id":"T38","span":{"begin":1821,"end":1826},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T40","span":{"begin":1855,"end":1880},"obj":"Habitat"},{"id":"T39","span":{"begin":1855,"end":1861},"obj":"Habitat"},{"id":"T41","span":{"begin":1874,"end":1880},"obj":"Habitat"},{"id":"T42","span":{"begin":1941,"end":1946},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T43","span":{"begin":2003,"end":2013},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T44","span":{"begin":2023,"end":2049},"obj":"Habitat"},{"id":"T45","span":{"begin":2023,"end":2029},"obj":"Habitat"},{"id":"T46","span":{"begin":2041,"end":2049},"obj":"Habitat"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A3","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T5","obj":"90371"},{"id":"A10","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T12","obj":"OBT:001102"},{"id":"A25","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T27","obj":"12333"},{"id":"A22","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T24","obj":"OBT:000061"},{"id":"A24","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T26","obj":"12333"},{"id":"A32","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T33","obj":"90371"},{"id":"A44","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T43","obj":"590"},{"id":"A26","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T28","obj":"OBT:000061"},{"id":"A4","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T6","obj":"OBT:003314"},{"id":"A34","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T35","obj":"90371"},{"id":"A40","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T41","obj":"OBT:000700"},{"id":"A41","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T41","obj":"OBT:003314"},{"id":"A42","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T41","obj":"OBT:003263"},{"id":"A2","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T4","obj":"12333"},{"id":"A43","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T42","obj":"12333"},{"id":"A29","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T31","obj":"OBT:003314"},{"id":"A30","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T31","obj":"OBT:000700"},{"id":"A8","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T10","obj":"12333"},{"id":"A13","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T15","obj":"12333"},{"id":"A21","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T23","obj":"12333"},{"id":"A1","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T3","obj":"OBT:000107"},{"id":"A36","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T37","obj":"OBT:000364"},{"id":"A5","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T7","obj":"12333"},{"id":"A33","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T34","obj":"590"},{"id":"A9","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T11","obj":"OBT:003314"},{"id":"A35","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T36","obj":"590"},{"id":"A15","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T17","obj":"12333"},{"id":"A38","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T39","obj":"OBT:001471"},{"id":"A7","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T9","obj":"OBT:000107"},{"id":"A27","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T29","obj":"12333"},{"id":"A12","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T14","obj":"OBT:003314"},{"id":"A17","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T19","obj":"149385"},{"id":"A45","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T44","obj":"OBT:001470"},{"id":"A6","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T8","obj":"90371"},{"id":"A19","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T21","obj":"12333"},{"id":"A39","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T40","obj":"OBT:001006"},{"id":"A46","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T45","obj":"OBT:001471"},{"id":"A20","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T22","obj":"90371"},{"id":"A16","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T18","obj":"90371"},{"id":"A28","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T30","obj":"OBT:001488"},{"id":"A11","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T13","obj":"590"},{"id":"A47","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T46","obj":"OBT:003314"},{"id":"A18","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T20","obj":"OBT:000107"},{"id":"A14","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T16","obj":"10699"},{"id":"A37","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T38","obj":"12333"},{"id":"A23","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T25","obj":"90371"},{"id":"A31","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T32","obj":"90371"}],"text":"Evaluation of a lytic bacteriophage, Φ st1, for biocontrol of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in chickens.\nIn this study, a Salmonella Typhimurium lytic bacteriophage, Φ st1, which was isolated from chicken faecal material, was evaluated as a candidate for biocontrol of Salmonella in chickens. The morphology of Φ st1 showed strong resemblance to members of the Siphoviridae family. Φ st1 was observed to be a DNA phage with an estimated genome size of 121 kbp. It was found to be able to infect S. Typhimurium and S. Hadar, with a stronger lytic activity against the former. Subsequent characterisation of Φ st1 against S. Typhimurium showed that Φ st1 has a latent period of 40 min with an average burst size of 22 particles per infective centre. Approximately 86.1% of the phage adsorbed to the host cells within the initial 5 min of infection. At the optimum multiplicity of infection (MOI) (0.1), the highest reduction rate of S. Typhimurium (6.6 log₁₀ CFU/ml) and increment in phage titre (3.8 log₁₀ PFU/ml) was observed. Φ st1 produced adsorption rates of 88.4-92.2% at pH7-9 and demonstrated the highest bacteria reduction (6.6 log₁₀ CFU/ml) at pH9. Φ st1 also showed an insignificant different (P\u003e0.05) reduction rate of host cells at 37 °C (6.4 log₁₀ CFU/ml) and 42 °C (6.0 log₁₀ CFU/ml). The in vivo study using Φ st1 showed that intracloacal inoculation of ~10¹² PFU/ml of the phage in the chickens challenged with ~10¹⁰ CFU/ml of S. Typhimurium was able to reduce (P\u003c0.05) the S. Typhimurium more rapidly than the untreated group. The Salmonella count reduced to 2.9 log₁₀ CFU/ml within 6h of post-challenge and S. Typhimurium was not detected at and after 24h of post-challenge. Reduction of Salmonella count in visceral organs was also observed at 6h post-challenge. Approximately 1.6 log₁₀ FU/ml Φ st1 was found to persist in the caecal wall of the chicks at 72 h of post-challenge. The present study indicated that Φ st1 may serve as a potential biocontrol agent to reduce the Salmonella count in caecal content of chickens.\n\n"}