X-Ray Diffraction
Figure 5 b showed the ACV peaks at 2θ of 7.12°, 10.66°, 13.22°, 16.19°, 23.56°, 24.10°, 26.33°, and 29.44°, indicating crystalline nature of the drug. Crystallinity index was calculated based on (12) with the aids of OriginPro Graphing & Analysis 2020 software. The ACV crystalline and total peak area were found to be 53,181.75 and 56,443.52 unit area, respectively, with crystallinity index calculated to be 0.9422, which was very crystalline12 CrystallinityIndex=AreaCrystalline/AreaTotalwhere AreaCrystalline and AreaTotal were integrated areas for crystalline structure and total integrated area, respectively.
ACV peak was diminished from PM diffractogram. This suggested possibility of ACV turned into the disordered crystalline state due to the molecular interaction with lecithin and chitosan. By comparing ACV and PALN1 diffractogram, a broad peak emerged with sharp peak diminishment indicating ACV entrapped in LPNPs system in the amorphous state of the nanoparticles (41).