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LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T1 1955-1959 Body_part denotes sole http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma25000
T2 2804-2808 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T3 2854-2877 Body_part denotes gastro-intestinal tract http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma71132
T4 2879-2886 Body_part denotes kidneys http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7203
T5 2894-2910 Body_part denotes articular system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma228659
T6 4346-4359 Body_part denotes interleukin-6 http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma264829
T7 5029-5034 Body_part denotes heart http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7088
T8 5282-5286 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T9 5386-5393 Body_part denotes heparin http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82839

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T1 2804-2808 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T2 2894-2910 Body_part denotes articular system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004770
T3 2912-2927 Body_part denotes vascular system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007798
T4 5029-5034 Body_part denotes heart http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948
T5 5282-5286 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T1 0-8 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T2 317-325 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T3 705-708 Disease denotes flu http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T4 869-877 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T5 1526-1534 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T6 1573-1576 Disease denotes flu http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T7 1688-1696 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T8 1699-1708 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T9 2325-2339 Disease denotes viral diseases http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T10 2804-2816 Disease denotes lung disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005275
T11 3679-3693 Disease denotes viral diseases http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T12 5088-5097 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T13 5196-5221 Disease denotes acute respiratory failure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001208|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021113
T15 5287-5293 Disease denotes injury http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178
T16 5336-5346 Disease denotes thrombosis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0000831

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 183-191 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T2 374-375 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T3 493-494 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T4 610-612 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007653 denotes me
T5 678-680 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007653 denotes me
T6 1015-1016 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T7 2089-2090 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T8 2104-2107 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T9 2131-2132 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T10 2539-2540 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T11 2541-2546 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T12 2804-2808 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T13 2804-2808 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T14 2854-2877 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005409 denotes gastro-intestinal tract
T15 2879-2886 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113 denotes kidneys
T16 2879-2886 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000927 denotes kidneys
T17 2879-2886 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000929 denotes kidneys
T18 2894-2910 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004770 denotes articular system
T19 3182-3183 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T20 3327-3328 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T21 3753-3761 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T22 3771-3781 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes fields and
T23 3879-3880 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T24 3908-3913 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T25 4180-4188 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T26 4346-4359 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001393 denotes interleukin-6
T27 4549-4551 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007653 denotes me
T28 4602-4603 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T29 4644-4645 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T30 4718-4719 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T31 5029-5034 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948 denotes heart
T32 5029-5034 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007100 denotes heart
T33 5029-5034 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015228 denotes heart
T34 5029-5034 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000815 denotes heart
T35 5282-5286 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T36 5282-5286 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T37 5432-5433 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T38 5494-5501 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100026 denotes organic
T39 5494-5501 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000468 denotes organic
T40 6432-6437 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T41 6442-6448 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T42 6503-6508 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T43 6525-6532 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T1 799-805 Chemical denotes formal http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48341
T2 1960-1971 Chemical denotes paracetamol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46195
T3 1978-1982 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T4 2367-2378 Chemical denotes antibiotics http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33281
T5 2404-2415 Chemical denotes antibiotics http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33281
T6 2648-2663 Chemical denotes corticosteroids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50858
T7 3058-3066 Chemical denotes steroids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35341
T8 3071-3082 Chemical denotes antibiotics http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33281
T9 3385-3390 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T10 3502-3513 Chemical denotes antibiotics http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33281
T11 3621-3628 Chemical denotes steroid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35341
T12 4122-4137 Chemical denotes corticosteroids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50858
T13 4277-4300 Chemical denotes anti-inflammatory drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35472
T14 4295-4300 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T15 4384-4389 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T16 4785-4796 Chemical denotes paracetamol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46195
T17 5386-5393 Chemical denotes heparin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28304
T18 5763-5768 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T1 2499-2515 Phenotype denotes immune-deficient http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002721
T2 2804-2816 Phenotype denotes lung disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002088
T3 4754-4766 Phenotype denotes hyperthermia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945
T4 5088-5097 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T5 5202-5221 Phenotype denotes respiratory failure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002878

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 2589-2604 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T2 4593-4600 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007605 denotes hearing
T3 5792-5809 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T4 5792-5809 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-29 Sentence denotes COVID-19: thoughts at sunrise
T2 31-40 Sentence denotes Dear Sir,
T3 41-213 Sentence denotes I wrote this letter-to-the-Editor being one of the nearly 1,500,000 physicians involved, especially in these demanding times, in the clinical activity of Internal Medicine.
T4 214-338 Sentence denotes It is addressed to the many people asking them professional advice in the present emergency due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemics.
T5 339-440 Sentence denotes I decided to submit this letter to a Journal that is read, or should be read, by many Family Doctors.
T6 441-600 Sentence denotes I believe I am entitled to do it leaving aside, for a while, the “scientific evidence” to turn to the knowledge acquired in over 65 years of clinical practice.
T7 601-719 Sentence denotes This put me in the position of providing suggestions to those who approached me during dozens of mainly flu epidemics.
T8 720-885 Sentence denotes I would like to make clear, however, that I am not at all intending to provide formal recommendations on what should be done in the currently raging COVID-19 spread.
T9 886-1043 Sentence denotes This is the task for experts who are trying worldwide to identify the best treatment to resolve even the most severe cases, once a correct diagnosis is made.
T10 1044-1273 Sentence denotes I am worried about the kind of information provided to Practitioners through the most popular media by various categories of scientists asked to give advice about the treatments that should be instituted in the current emergency.
T11 1274-1390 Sentence denotes Well, we are all looking for what to do right now, and we can certainly say that knowledge is still relatively poor.
T12 1391-1709 Sentence denotes I would like, however, to draw the attention to what happened during the past winter season during which many Italians, in addition to COVID-19, have been affected by an acute-onset flu syndrome whose clinical manifestations are frequently even more relevant than those seen in the first phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
T13 1710-1827 Sentence denotes In these cases, patients are advised not to go out, even to reach the physician or the hospital emergency department.
T14 1828-1972 Sentence denotes Instead, they should follow the advice provided by telephone by Family Doctors, who, in most instances, suggest the use of the sole paracetamol.
T15 1973-2074 Sentence denotes This drug is certainly useful, but is often abused and this may lead to even severe side effects [1].
T16 2075-2138 Sentence denotes Moreover, for a few days, it has been suggested to make a swab.
T17 2139-2302 Sentence denotes Why not to suggest, in the meantime, what can be useful to resolve or attenuate the most severe symptoms, particularly in those subjects affected by comorbidities?
T18 2303-2379 Sentence denotes It is well known that viral diseases should not be treated with antibiotics.
T19 2380-2605 Sentence denotes However, broad-spectrum antibiotics could help in fighting, even rapidly, bacterial overlaps [2], not so infrequent in immune-deficient subjects infected with a virus, which in itself may further weaken their immune response.
T20 2606-3020 Sentence denotes Furthermore, why not immediately say that corticosteroids, the correct use of which is beneficial to millions of patients, are available to resolve severe and dangerous symptoms related not only to lung disease, but also to disorders affecting the gastro-intestinal tract, kidneys, osteo-articular system, vascular system, meningo-encephalic territory, and to which we often resort because they help us decisively?
T21 3021-3161 Sentence denotes Then let us speak out, as the use of steroids and antibiotics is recommended by several guidelines and, above all, many physicians use them.
T22 3162-3391 Sentence denotes Let us keep them as a supply that can be life-saving, avoiding to demonize them, but inviting Family Doctors (who should be able to evaluate the clinical picture in a direct way) to consider how and when to prescribe these drugs.
T23 3392-3698 Sentence denotes It could be argued that there are several pieces of evidence showing that the excessive and inadequate use of antibiotics leads to microbial resistance [3], as well as it could be contested that several studies demonstrated that steroid administration do not improve the course of these viral diseases [4].
T24 3699-3827 Sentence denotes I am well aware of them, as I also conducted research activity in these fields and taught this matter to students and residents.
T25 3828-4084 Sentence denotes Nevertheless, I think that it can be declared that a lot of information in this field is still missing, not so much concerning full recovery, but, mainly, related to their effect in improving the clinical picture, with many subsequent therapeutic benefits.
T26 4085-4377 Sentence denotes For example, we should consider that corticosteroids possess an incomparable anti-inflammatory activity [5], and carry very little risk in the short-term administration as compared with other anti-inflammatory drugs, and also directly inhibit the expression of interleukin-6 and its receptor.
T27 4378-4510 Sentence denotes Other drugs exert the latter effect, but are very expensive and possibly more risky over time and in specific associated conditions.
T28 4511-4679 Sentence denotes These were the thoughts that prompted me to write this letter, particularly after hearing, a few days ago on television, the tale of a representative of Family Doctors.
T29 4680-4767 Sentence denotes She was asked to report her advice to a patient who had phoned because of hyperthermia.
T30 4768-4973 Sentence denotes She had replied: paracetamol, repeating the same prescription after three and more days, without any other suggestion, until she decided to recommend the patient to reach the hospital emergency department.
T31 4974-5222 Sentence denotes Just think about what could happen, for example at the heart level, to an elderly patient who, in the presence of pneumonia whatever its etiology, waits for the result of the swab instead of being treated for an impending acute respiratory failure.
T32 5223-5536 Sentence denotes Moreover, in the light of pathological findings suggesting lung injury due to microembolism and/or microvascular thrombosis, why not consider low molecular weight heparin administration? Possibly, is not this a reason why elderly, but even young, patients carrying multi-organic dysfunctions have ultimately died?
T33 5537-5882 Sentence denotes In conclusion, let us leave to scientists all over the world to develop an effective vaccine, which certainly would not be immediately useful in these days of raging pandemics, and, above all, the identification of biological drugs succeeding in blocking viral replication, especially in the prodromal and oligo-symptomatic phase of the disease.
T34 5883-6168 Sentence denotes We should mainly care about what can be done in the second phase, when symptoms can indicate the way forward to prevent the third one, where full-blown complications require all the incomparable expertise of intensivists, to whom any necessary materials and equipment must be provided.
T35 6170-6186 Sentence denotes Publisher's Note
T36 6187-6305 Sentence denotes Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
T37 6307-6340 Sentence denotes Compliance with ethical standards
T38 6342-6362 Sentence denotes Conflict of interest
T39 6363-6417 Sentence denotes The authors declare that they no conflict of interest.
T40 6419-6455 Sentence denotes Statement of human and animal rights
T41 6456-6565 Sentence denotes This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
T42 6567-6583 Sentence denotes Informed consent
T43 6584-6589 Sentence denotes None.

LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
1 0-8 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
5 242-248 Species denotes people Tax:9606
6 317-327 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
7 869-877 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
13 1726-1734 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
14 1960-1971 Chemical denotes paracetamol MESH:D000082
15 1526-1534 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
16 1573-1585 Disease denotes flu syndrome MESH:D007251
17 1688-1708 Disease denotes SARS-CoV-2 infection MESH:C000657245
24 2719-2727 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
25 3058-3066 Chemical denotes steroids MESH:D013256
26 2325-2339 Disease denotes viral diseases MESH:D001102
27 2499-2533 Disease denotes immune-deficient subjects infected MESH:D014012
28 2804-2816 Disease denotes lung disease MESH:D008171
29 2929-2947 Disease denotes meningo-encephalic MESH:D013341
33 4346-4359 Gene denotes interleukin-6 Gene:3569
34 3621-3628 Chemical denotes steroid MESH:D013256
35 3679-3693 Disease denotes viral diseases MESH:D001102
48 4720-4727 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
49 4922-4929 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
50 5056-5063 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
51 5470-5478 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
52 4785-4796 Chemical denotes paracetamol MESH:D000082
53 5365-5393 Chemical denotes low molecular weight heparin MESH:D006495
54 4754-4766 Disease denotes hyperthermia MESH:D005334
55 5088-5097 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
56 5202-5221 Disease denotes respiratory failure MESH:D012131
57 5282-5293 Disease denotes lung injury MESH:D055370
58 5301-5314 Disease denotes microembolism
59 5336-5346 Disease denotes thrombosis MESH:D013927
61 6432-6437 Species denotes human Tax:9606
64 6503-6508 Species denotes human Tax:9606
65 6509-6521 Species denotes participants Tax:9606