PMC:7204657
Annnotations
LitCovid-PubTator
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | tao:has_database_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 | 0-11 | Chemical | denotes | Tocilizumab | MESH:C502936 |
3 | 15-23 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
22 | 150-154 | Gene | denotes | IL-6 | Gene:3569 |
23 | 313-321 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
24 | 748-756 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
25 | 915-923 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
26 | 119-130 | Chemical | denotes | tocilizumab | MESH:C502936 |
27 | 262-273 | Chemical | denotes | tocilizumab | MESH:C502936 |
28 | 430-441 | Chemical | denotes | Tocilizumab | MESH:C502936 |
29 | 597-608 | Chemical | denotes | tocilizumab | MESH:C502936 |
30 | 830-841 | Chemical | denotes | tocilizumab | MESH:C502936 |
31 | 934-945 | Chemical | denotes | tocilizumab | MESH:C502936 |
32 | 243-251 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
33 | 304-312 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
34 | 502-522 | Disease | denotes | rheumatoid arthritis | MESH:D001172 |
35 | 527-547 | Disease | denotes | giant cell arteritis | MESH:D013700 |
36 | 662-680 | Disease | denotes | infectious disease | MESH:D003141 |
37 | 724-738 | Disease | denotes | critically ill | MESH:D016638 |
38 | 739-747 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
39 | 981-995 | Disease | denotes | diverticulitis | MESH:D004238 |
49 | 1074-1105 | Gene | denotes | angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 | Gene:59272 |
50 | 1107-1111 | Gene | denotes | ACE2 | Gene:59272 |
51 | 1218-1222 | Gene | denotes | ACE2 | Gene:59272 |
52 | 1037-1042 | Species | denotes | human | Tax:9606 |
53 | 1060-1070 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
54 | 1277-1287 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
55 | 1235-1260 | Disease | denotes | gastrointestinal symptoms | MESH:D012817 |
56 | 1321-1346 | Disease | denotes | gastrointestinal symptoms | MESH:D012817 |
57 | 1356-1370 | Disease | denotes | abdominal pain | MESH:D015746 |
67 | 1949-1967 | Gene | denotes | C-reactive protein | Gene:1401 |
68 | 1969-1972 | Gene | denotes | CRP | Gene:1401 |
69 | 1461-1469 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
70 | 2041-2049 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
71 | 1711-1722 | Chemical | denotes | tocilizumab | MESH:C502936 |
72 | 1839-1850 | Chemical | denotes | tocilizumab | MESH:C502936 |
73 | 1437-1451 | Disease | denotes | critically ill | MESH:D016638 |
74 | 1452-1460 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
75 | 1735-1743 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | fma_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 44-54 | Body_part | denotes | intestinal | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7199 |
T2 | 164-172 | Body_part | denotes | antibody | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871 |
T3 | 194-202 | Body_part | denotes | cytokine | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050 |
T4 | 533-537 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T5 | 843-853 | Body_part | denotes | intestinal | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7199 |
T6 | 889-899 | Body_part | denotes | intestinal | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7199 |
T7 | 1147-1157 | Body_part | denotes | intestines | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7199 |
T8 | 1163-1173 | Body_part | denotes | Intestinal | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7199 |
T9 | 1288-1291 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
T10 | 1524-1534 | Body_part | denotes | intestinal | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7199 |
T11 | 1569-1579 | Body_part | denotes | intestinal | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7199 |
T12 | 1683-1693 | Body_part | denotes | intestinal | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7199 |
T13 | 1888-1898 | Body_part | denotes | intestinal | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7199 |
T14 | 1960-1967 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
LitCovid-PD-UBERON
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | uberon_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 1147-1157 | Body_part | denotes | intestines | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 |
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | mondo_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 15-23 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T2 | 44-66 | Disease | denotes | intestinal perforation | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006807 |
T3 | 243-251 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T4 | 304-312 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T5 | 502-522 | Disease | denotes | rheumatoid arthritis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008383 |
T6 | 513-522 | Disease | denotes | arthritis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005578 |
T7 | 527-547 | Disease | denotes | giant cell arteritis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008538 |
T8 | 538-547 | Disease | denotes | arteritis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0043494 |
T9 | 662-680 | Disease | denotes | infectious disease | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
T10 | 739-747 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T11 | 843-865 | Disease | denotes | intestinal perforation | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006807 |
T12 | 889-911 | Disease | denotes | intestinal perforation | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006807 |
T13 | 981-995 | Disease | denotes | diverticulitis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004235 |
T14 | 1060-1068 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T15 | 1277-1285 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T16 | 1452-1460 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T17 | 1683-1705 | Disease | denotes | intestinal perforation | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006807 |
T18 | 1735-1743 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T19 | 1888-1910 | Disease | denotes | intestinal perforation | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006807 |
LitCovid-PD-CLO
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 44-54 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 | denotes | intestinal |
T2 | 44-54 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000834 | denotes | intestinal |
T3 | 132-133 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T4 | 327-328 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T5 | 533-537 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cell |
T6 | 796-797 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T7 | 843-853 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 | denotes | intestinal |
T8 | 843-853 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000834 | denotes | intestinal |
T9 | 889-899 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 | denotes | intestinal |
T10 | 889-899 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000834 | denotes | intestinal |
T11 | 996-999 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
T12 | 1014-1015 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T13 | 1037-1042 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | human |
T14 | 1147-1157 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 | denotes | intestines |
T15 | 1147-1157 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000834 | denotes | intestines |
T16 | 1163-1173 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 | denotes | Intestinal |
T17 | 1163-1173 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000834 | denotes | Intestinal |
T18 | 1524-1534 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 | denotes | intestinal |
T19 | 1524-1534 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000834 | denotes | intestinal |
T20 | 1569-1579 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 | denotes | intestinal |
T21 | 1569-1579 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000834 | denotes | intestinal |
T22 | 1683-1693 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 | denotes | intestinal |
T23 | 1683-1693 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000834 | denotes | intestinal |
T24 | 1888-1898 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 | denotes | intestinal |
T25 | 1888-1898 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000834 | denotes | intestinal |
LitCovid-PD-CHEBI
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | chebi_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 119-130 | Chemical | denotes | tocilizumab | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64360 |
T2 | 150-152 | Chemical | denotes | IL | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072 |
T4 | 262-273 | Chemical | denotes | tocilizumab | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64360 |
T5 | 597-608 | Chemical | denotes | tocilizumab | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64360 |
T6 | 830-841 | Chemical | denotes | tocilizumab | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64360 |
T7 | 934-945 | Chemical | denotes | tocilizumab | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64360 |
T8 | 1074-1085 | Chemical | denotes | angiotensin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48433 |
T9 | 1711-1722 | Chemical | denotes | tocilizumab | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64360 |
T10 | 1839-1850 | Chemical | denotes | tocilizumab | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64360 |
T11 | 1960-1967 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T12 | 2123-2125 | Chemical | denotes | NA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696 |
LitCovid-PD-GO-BP
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 1174-1191 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 | denotes | viral replication |
T2 | 1174-1191 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 | denotes | viral replication |
T3 | 1866-1886 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006953 | denotes | acute phase response |
LitCovid-sentences
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 0-24 | Sentence | denotes | Tocilizumab in COVID-19: |
T2 | 25-66 | Sentence | denotes | Beware the risk of intestinal perforation |
T3 | 68-80 | Sentence | denotes | Dear Editor, |
T4 | 81-252 | Sentence | denotes | Zhang et al. [1] discussed the use of tocilizumab, a monoclonal anti-IL-6 receptor antibody, in the treatment of cytokine release syndrome associated with severe COVID-19. |
T5 | 253-429 | Sentence | denotes | Although tocilizumab may be beneficial in selected COVID-19 patients with a counterproductive hyperinflammatory phenotype, the efficacy and safety of such treatment is unknown. |
T6 | 430-548 | Sentence | denotes | Tocilizumab is primarily used for rheumatological conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis and giant cell arteritis. |
T7 | 549-757 | Sentence | denotes | Rheumatologists have extensive experience using tocilizumab; however, this may not be the case for intensivists, infectious disease specialists, and other physicians treating critically ill COVID-19 patients. |
T8 | 758-870 | Sentence | denotes | Therefore, we would like to highlight a rare but feared complication of tocilizumab: intestinal perforation [2]. |
T9 | 871-1032 | Sentence | denotes | The mechanism for intestinal perforation in patients receiving tocilizumab is not fully understood, but prior diverticulitis has been noted as a risk factor [2]. |
T10 | 1033-1162 | Sentence | denotes | The human host receptor of SARS-CoV-2 is angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is highly expressed in the intestines [3]. |
T11 | 1163-1315 | Sentence | denotes | Intestinal viral replication is likely considering the ACE2 expression, gastrointestinal symptoms and presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in fecal samples [4,5]. |
T12 | 1316-1423 | Sentence | denotes | Some gastrointestinal symptoms, such as abdominal pain, are associated with increased disease severity [5]. |
T13 | 1424-1598 | Sentence | denotes | Furthermore, critically ill COVID-19 patients may have altered hemodynamics, potentially leading to intestinal hypoperfusion that can compromise intestinal mucosal integrity. |
T14 | 1599-1827 | Sentence | denotes | More studies are required to evaluate whether these variables influence the risk of intestinal perforation with tocilizumab in critical COVID-19 cases; however, clinicians should be aware of the potential for this adverse event. |
T15 | 1828-2050 | Sentence | denotes | Lastly, as tocilizumab attenuates the acute phase response, intestinal perforation may not necessarily cause significant C-reactive protein (CRP) elevation and may initially go unnoticed in sedated and ventilated patients. |
T16 | 2052-2064 | Sentence | denotes | Declarations |
T17 | 2065-2073 | Sentence | denotes | Funding: |
T18 | 2074-2078 | Sentence | denotes | None |
T19 | 2079-2099 | Sentence | denotes | Competing Interests: |
T20 | 2100-2104 | Sentence | denotes | None |
T21 | 2105-2125 | Sentence | denotes | Ethical Approval: NA |
LitCovid-PD-HP
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | hp_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 44-66 | Phenotype | denotes | intestinal perforation | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031368 |
T2 | 194-219 | Phenotype | denotes | cytokine release syndrome | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033041 |
T3 | 502-522 | Phenotype | denotes | rheumatoid arthritis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001370 |
T4 | 538-547 | Phenotype | denotes | arteritis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012089 |
T5 | 843-865 | Phenotype | denotes | intestinal perforation | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031368 |
T6 | 889-911 | Phenotype | denotes | intestinal perforation | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031368 |
T7 | 1356-1370 | Phenotype | denotes | abdominal pain | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002027 |
T8 | 1683-1705 | Phenotype | denotes | intestinal perforation | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031368 |
T9 | 1866-1886 | Phenotype | denotes | acute phase response | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033331 |
T10 | 1888-1910 | Phenotype | denotes | intestinal perforation | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031368 |