The pathogenic mechanisms associated with excessive Cu deposition and hepatic and renal damages are little known (10, 18, 28, 29). In this study, the splenic infiltrations of dendritic cells and macrophages, and antigen-presenting cells to primes naïve T cells in adaptive immune response that were exposed to nCu in inflamed tissues might cause activations of leukocytes including CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes, leading to immune cell apoptosis and functional defects in systemic organs of mice.