The contrasting cohorts of multiple breeds, within European (Table S1) and African (Table S2) breed types, were defined for analyses following the expectation that identification of plausible signatures of selection for stature would require a relatively stringent separation of breeds and sufficient sample sizes in each cohort. Therefore, a stringent strategy was adopted to construct two cohorts of contrasting phenotypes, i.e., the large and small stature cohorts (Figure S1). The individual breeds that have their median stature above the overall upper quartile and below the overall lower quartile were categorized into the large and the small cohorts, respectively. Moreover, the large cohort’s breeds (represented by several countries) are further restricted to have their individual lower quartiles above the overall median. Similarly, the small cohort’s breeds (represented by several countries) have their individual upper quartiles below the overall median. Separate analyses to identify signatures of selection were performed to compare the large and small cohorts of European and African breeds.