Sterility: To determine the number of offspring produced by individual animals of OT136 mua-3(rh195) mutants and wild-type, five L4s of each strain were transferred singly to E. coli-seeded NGM plates and their progeny were counted. Each worm was transferred to a new plate every day to avoid crowding and to visualize all the progeny easily. Progeny were counted 3 d later.