Gene comparison Based on the four predicted proteomes of the Zymoseptoria species, sequence comparisons were performed with BLASTp (e-value cut-off of 1e-5). Obtained pairwise protein alignments were processed using the software SiLiX to build families of homologous proteins (Miele et al. 2011). Proteins were clustered together into families if they shared at least 55% of sequence identity over at least 60% of sequence coverage. The building of these families was divided in two steps. First, only complete protein sequences were used to create families. Second, using a semi-bipartite graph, partial protein sequences were added to the existing families.