Our data thus show significant clinical implications of CCR5, because CCR5 is a G protein–coupled receptor and it is amenable to use as a small molecule for the inhibition of CCR5. Several such compounds have already been shown to be safe in clinical trials for use in certain diseases such as HIV [53]. Thus, we believe CCR5 is a cancer target that warrants continued investigation. In summary, this study showed that melanoma cells growth was inhibited via modulation of NF-κB/IL-1Ra pathways in CCR5−/− mice.